Net + VAT ≠ gross when you start from gross. Subtracting a percentage from a gross figure gives a different number than dividing by (1 + rate). 100 with 23% VAT included = 81.30 net, not 77.00. Reverse-charge invoices. Cross-border B2B supplies inside the EU often shift the VAT to the buyer. Your invoice shows 0% VAT but the supply isn't zero-rated — the buyer self-accounts. Distance-sale thresholds. Selling B2C across EU borders triggers the OSS scheme above €10k/year — you charge the buyer's country's rate, not yours. VAT-registered ≠ VAT-charging. Many small freelancers in Slovakia, Czech Republic and elsewhere fall under the registration threshold and don't charge VAT at all. Rounding rules differ. Most authorities accept either per-line or per-invoice rounding to the nearest cent, but consistency matters. Don't mix the two on one invoice.

VAT Calculator

Calculate VAT for any EU country, UK, Switzerland, and more — with current 2025 rates including post-reform updates many tools miss. Standard, reduced, and zero rates supported.

Country

Rate category

Amount

Net (before VAT) Gross (incl. VAT)

Result

What is VAT and how does it work?

Value-Added Tax (VAT) is a consumption tax applied at each step of the supply chain on the value added at that step. Businesses charge VAT on sales (output VAT), reclaim VAT on purchases (input VAT), and remit the difference to the tax authority. To the end consumer it looks like a sales tax built into the price; to a business it's effectively a flow-through unless they make exempt supplies.

Two numbers matter for any line on an invoice:

Net — the price before VAT (what the business books as revenue).
Gross — the price including VAT (what the customer actually pays).

If your input is the gross figure (a price tag, a card receipt), the calculator backs out the VAT: net = gross / (1 + rate). If your input is the net figure (a B2B quote), it adds the VAT on top: vat = net × rate.

When to use this vs. your accounting software

This is a quick-check calculator, not bookkeeping. Use it to:

Sanity-check an invoice line before sending it.
Convert a customer-facing price into a net figure for margin maths.
Compare prices across countries with different rates.
Confirm what a recent rate change actually does to your typical sale.

Don't use it for:

Filing a return — your accounting software handles cumulative input/output VAT, partial exemption, MOSS/OSS, and bad-debt relief.
Legal advice — categorisation (which rate applies to your specific service) is the part that gets businesses fined, and that's a question for your accountant or the local tax authority's published guidance.

About the rate dataset

The rates in this calculator are hand-curated as of the date shown beneath the result, drawn from each country's tax authority. The differentiator vs. the bulk of online VAT calculators is that this dataset reflects post-reform 2025 rates — for example:

Slovakia: standard rate raised from 20% to 23% on 2025-01-01.
Czech Republic: previous 15% and 10% reduced tiers consolidated to a single 12% rate on 2024-01-01.
Estonia: standard rate raised to 24% on 2025-07-01.
Finland: standard rate raised from 24% to 25.5% on 2024-09-01.
Switzerland: standard rate raised from 7.7% to 8.1% on 2024-01-01.
Singapore: GST raised from 8% to 9% on 2024-01-01.

Reduced categories vary widely — there is no EU-wide list of "what counts as a book" or "what counts as a restaurant service". The notes under each rate are a hint, not a ruling. Always check your tax authority's guidance for your specific supply.

Common gotchas

Net + VAT ≠ gross when you start from gross. Subtracting a percentage from a gross figure gives a different number than dividing by (1 + rate). 100 with 23% VAT included = 81.30 net, not 77.00.
Reverse-charge invoices. Cross-border B2B supplies inside the EU often shift the VAT to the buyer. Your invoice shows 0% VAT but the supply isn't zero-rated — the buyer self-accounts.
Distance-sale thresholds. Selling B2C across EU borders triggers the OSS scheme above €10k/year — you charge the buyer's country's rate, not yours.
VAT-registered ≠ VAT-charging. Many small freelancers in Slovakia, Czech Republic and elsewhere fall under the registration threshold and don't charge VAT at all.
Rounding rules differ. Most authorities accept either per-line or per-invoice rounding to the nearest cent, but consistency matters. Don't mix the two on one invoice.